![]() Veritas broke the barrier and entered, along with a horde of monsters. The location remained undisturbed until the Sworn Six of Paladia decided to destroy the crystals, dispatching Veritas of the Dark to do the deed. A concluding section seeks to synthesize this interdisciplinary scholarship in order to assess the GHM's overall gestalt as a social movement.Built to house the Earth Crystal, a barrier was placed around the Shrine so that monsters would not enter. The last two chapters question the effectiveness of interfaith dialogue activities promoted by the movement's adherents. Other chapters in the book cover the role of women in the movement, the GHM's creation of an alternative public sphere for pious Muslims, and the tension this creation instills in light of Secularism Theory, which is analyzed comparatively with American religious pluralism. Also, the book covers Gulen's ideas on Islam and democracy and the GHM's indirect political engagement compared to the direct engagement of the Muslim Brotherhood. This edited volume covers various characteristics of the movement from Gulen's unconventional oratory to his educational philosophy. The movement's circumspect activism sheltered it from illiberal secular practices in Turkey and has guided it through the anxious post-Cold War process of globalization. Fethullah Gulen, the GHM expanded to over 130 countries by the first decade of the twenty first century. Founded during the Cold War under the inspiration of M. This volume covers the origins, historical development, and ideas of one of the largest and most influential Islamic movements in the world, the Gulen Hizmet Movement. Keywords: Peacebuilding, communicative rationality, Islam, Gülen movement, conflict resolution, bridging social capital The movement’s stance toward pluralism, diversity, tolerance, acceptance, civil society, secularism and democracy shows that the movement generates a bridging social capital, extremely helpful for peacebuilding and establishing sustainable peace. His pluralistic, inclusivist and peacebuilding ideas have enabled the Gülen Movement to successfully turn its moral, spiritual, intellectual, financial and human resources into effective social capital and utilized this social capital in establishing educational institutions from primary school to university levels in more than 120 countries. In Gülen’s worldview, there are three major enemies of not only Muslims, but also humanity as a whole: ignorance, poverty and disunity. Gülen’s theology of peace is based on the integrity of the individual regardless of ethnic or religious background and approach to peacebuilding, therefore, is one of “bottom-up” social change. ![]() Gülen holds an inclusive, universalist and transcending Islamic conception. Gülen’s optimism and belief in dialogue, coupled with his intellectual-alim self-confidence, make it easier for him to be a border transgressor. ![]() ![]() In Turkish Muslim scholar Fethullah Gülen’s thought and praxis, a similar belief in mutual understanding, dialogue and optimism, in contrast to the Islamists’ pessimism, is conspicuous. Habermas, as a believer in dialogue, is an optimist who criticizes the Frankfurt School and postmodernist thought for excessive pessimism. Abstract: Habermas’s theory of communicative rationality includes an argument called universal pragmatics, which human beings possess the communicative competence to bring about “mutual” understanding. ![]()
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